Class 10:EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS-Unit-5-Green Skills(NOTES)

1. What is Sustainable Development?

  • Definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs .
  • Goal: Balance economic growth, environmental protection and social well-being.

2. Problems related to sustainable development

  • Food: Loss of fertile land, soil nutrient depletion and over-use of chemicals.
  • Water: Pollution of rivers/ponds and over-extraction leads to future scarcity.
  • Fuel: Excessive use of wood/fossil fuels causes deforestation and climate impacts.

3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  • What & who: 17 global goals forming the 2030 Agenda — launched by the United Nations in September 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity.
  • Examples of SDG themes: Clean water & sanitation, affordable clean energy, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities, climate action.

4. Society, Environment & Natural Resources

  • Natural resources: air, water, soil, forests, minerals; renewable (solar, wind, water) vs non-renewable (coal, petroleum).
  • Need for conservation: preserve resources for future generations, avoid pollution, maintain ecological balance.

5. Sustainable Processes / Conservation Methods (practical)

  • Organic farming: Avoid chemical pesticides/fertilisers; use natural manures — preserves soil and biodiversity.
  • Vermi-composting & composting: Convert organic waste into manure for soil health.
  • Rainwater harvesting / watershed management: Store and recharge groundwater.
  • Soil conservation: terracing, contour ploughing, reforestation to prevent erosion.
  • Energy conservation tips : switch off unused appliances, use efficient bulbs, cover vessels while cooking, use pressure cookers, regular maintenance of equipment.

6. Green Economy & Green Growth

  • Green Economy: An economy that improves well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.
  • Green Growth: Economic growth that is socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable — policies must consider environmental impacts.
  • Green consumer: Consumers who prefer eco-friendly products (e.g., cloth bags, solar lamps).

7. Green Skills

  • Definition: Technical skills, knowledge, values and attitudes needed to develop/support sustainable outcomes in business, industry and community.
  • Examples / what to learn: installing/maintaining solar systems, waste segregation & recycling, rainwater harvesting, water & energy conservation techniques, organic farming methods.

8. Green Jobs

  • Definition: Jobs that contribute to preserving/restoring the environment and use resources efficiently.
  • Sectors & sample green roles :
    • Agriculture: organic farming, watershed technicians, solar pump technicians.
    • Energy: solar cell technicians, wind energy professionals, biofuel experts.
    • Construction: green building designers, energy auditors, green plumbers.

9. Examples of Green Projects & Initiatives

  • Swachh Cooperative (Pune): waste-picker owned cooperative doing doorstep waste collection, biogas from wet waste and recycling.
  • Bio-toilets (Green Solution Foundation): bio-digester converting human waste into water/biogas — hygienic sanitation and employment via training.
  • Charanka (Gujarat) Solar Park: example of large-scale solar power generation reducing dependence on fossil fuels (example referenced in text).
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